Image from SlideShare.Net.
A research paper has three
basic parts: the Introduction,
the Discussion,
and the Conclusion.
INTRODUCTION
The sections
within the Introduction are: Background of the
Study, Statement of the Problem, Significance of the Study,
and the Definition of Terms.
Background
of the Study. This
section should contain a discussion of any or all of the following.
(N.B., The following are not
section headings under Background of the Study.)
Presentation
of the problem – Describe
the existence of an unsatisfactory condition or a problem that needs
a solution.
Rationale
of the study. - Give
the reason(s) why the study should be conducted.
Historical
background of the problem. -
Give the historical background of the problem, if applicable.
Geographical
conditions of the study locale. -
If applicable, describe the geographical location of the study.
Example:
MARKETING THE PHILIPPINES AS AN EDUCATIONAL DESTINATIONFOR NI-VANUATU UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In 2004, the researcher migrated to the Philippines to accompany her spouse who was at the time studying at the Adventist Institute for International Advanced Studies (AIIAS) in Silang, Cavite. They discovered the study opportunities and were motivated by the quality of education and low school fees being offered. They visited several colleges and universities to collect pamphlets and sent them back to Vanuatu for educational awareness. The Ni-Vanuatus became aware and decided to send students to study in the Philippines. The first two schools to receive Vanuatu students were AMA Computer College in Dasmariñas, Cavite and Air Link Aviation College in Parañaque City. The researcher came to know Cavite State University (CvSU) in 2009 and transferred from AMA.
(Ngwele,
March 2011)
Statement
of the Problem. This
has two parts: the general statement of the problem and the specific
sub-problems. The general statement of the problem is stated as a
declarative sentence while the specific sub-problems are given as
questions.
Example:
Example:
Statement of the ProblemThis study is conducted to discover the how sociolinguistic factors influence the use of Hebrew among Jewish-Filipino children studying at Beth Yaacov Synagogue, Makati City.
Specifically, this study attempts to answer the discover:
1. What is the level of language proficiency of the children?
2. What language(s) do the children speak?
a. at home
b. at school
c. when watching television
3. What is their attitude in language learning?
a. for learning new things;
b. being a good member of one’s family,
c. being a good religious person,
d. being respected by others, and
e. communicating with others?
(Guerrero, 2011)
Significance
of the Study.
List down who will benefit from the study and how.
Example:
Significance of the StudyThe study will provide some insights and information on the effect of watching Korean dramas on housewives’ perception on marriage. Also, the useful and relevant information acquired from this study will stimulate awareness on housewives on the possible effects the message weight after their beliefs and attitudes.
Married couples. The study would be beneficial to them since they are married and they would be able to understand each other more and be more aware of each others feelings toward a certain topic.
Future researchers. The study would serve as their reference in their research study which could be beneficial and similar to this.
Housewives. Since they are the participants, this would help them to know more and be aware in Korean dramas’ effects in their lives as well as their perception on marriage and family life.
(Arcibal, April 2011)
Definition
of Terms. Give
the definition of words used in the title of the research paper.
Example:
Definition
of Terms
Exposure.
It is the fact or condition of being exposed (The Merriam-Webster
Dictionary, 2004). In this study, it is the one where housewives are
involved to Korean dramas.
Housewife.
It refers to a married woman in charge of household. Another meaning
is a married woman who manages the affairs of her own household as
full time occupation (The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2004). In this
study, they are the participants and the ones to be observed.
Korean
drama.
It refers to televised dramas, in a miniseries format, produced in
the Korean language. Many of these dramas have become popular
throughout Asia and have contributed to the general phenomenon of the
Korean wave, known as Hallyu
and also “drama fever” in some countries. Most popular Korean
dramas have also become popular in other parts of the world. In this
study, they were the ones the housewives watch and were being studied
about.
(Arcibal, April 2011)
DISCUSSION
In the Discussion part of the research paper,
researchers present their findings from library research and field
research according to the order of the specific sub-problems given in
the Statement of the Problem.
Each reference from library research, whether from the physical library or the electronic library (i.e., the Internet, need to be cited using the American Psychological Association (APA) format (see next lecture).
Each reference from library research, whether from the physical library or the electronic library (i.e., the Internet, need to be cited using the American Psychological Association (APA) format (see next lecture).
Example:
DISCUSSION
In
this study, the researchers used descriptive research in order to
find out the mobile photography habit of selected young people in
Cavite. In order to gather primary data, the researchers use a
questionnaire.
The
respondents of the study were students from different places in
Cavite. They are students 13 to 19 years old, from the secondary to
tertiary levels. These respondents live in Indang, Dasmariñas,
Tanza, Rosario, Silang, Cavite City, and Imus. Purposive convenience
sampling was used to select the respondents.
Table
2. Usual subjects in taking pictures
- SubjectsNo. of RespondentsMyself in different poses59Views of places that I go to47Friends and family63Others1
- The study reveals that a majority of the respondents usually take pictures of family and friends. This is because Filipinos are family-oriented and they are loving to the friends.
More
than half also said that they like taking pictures of themselves in
different poses. According to Erik Erikson (in Papali, nd), in the
said age bracket, 13 to 19 years old, people are said to be deciding
about who they are, what life is all about, and where they are going
on in life. This is also the stage of developing emotional competence
that is seen as when they become more skillful at presenting their
emotions to others (Larson & Richards, 1994).
(Daco, et al., March 2011)
CONCLUSION
Summary.
This
is a brief review of the major points of your discussion. Avoid
merely repeating the statements made in the discussion.
Example:
CONCLUSION
Summary
A
majority of the young people in the study are fond mobile photography
and consider this as their hobby. They usually take pictures of
family and friends; themselves in different poses; and views of
places they visited. They do this in order to express themselves and
to reinforce connections between them and family and friends.
(Daco, et al., March
2011)
Conclusions.
Discuss
the principles learned from the study. Again, avoid merely repeating
statements from the Discussion. Present these in the order the
specific sub-problems are given in the Statement of the Problem.
Example:
Conclusions
Conclusions
1.
Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that Smile,
Dong Hae
was the most preferred Korean drama being watched everyday by the 41
housewives (58.6%), which means that they were highly exposed.
2.
The housewives perceived marriage positively as shown by nine
positive answers out of 15 indicators which means that the perception
on marriage was not affected by the exposure of the participants to
Korean dramas.
3.
Moreover, using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient in this study, it
was found out that there is no significant relationship between the
housewives’ level of exposure to Korean dramas on GMA 7 and their
perception on marriage.
(Arcibal, April 2011)
Recommendations.
These
are appeals to help solve problems. This may also include
recommendations to continue good practices or systems and an appeal
for further study by future researchers.
Recommendations
1.
The government of Vanuatu should use social media as a marketing
strategy to influence Vanuatu citizens to focus on the study
opportunities in the Philippines as an educational destination.
2.
The government of Vanuatu should promote the Philippines as an
educational destination because of the quality of education,
affordable school fees, and the similarity of the Filipino and
Vanuatu cultures (compared to those in Australia and New Zealand).
3.
Cavite State University should use English [for teaching and business
transactions] during official hours to make both local and foreign
students proficient in English.
4.
Further studies should be made on the preferences of other Pacific
islanders like those from Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon
Islands studying in the Philippines.
(Ngwele, March 2011)
REFERENCES
Calderon, J.
F., & Gonzales, E. C. (1993). Methods
of research and thesis writing.
Mandaluyong: National Bookstore.
Arcibal, N. C.
(April 2013). Housewives'
exposure to Koreanovelas on GMA 7 and their perception on marriage.
Unpublished
undergraduate thesis. Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite
Daco,
K., Bolilan, M. C., Tanael, G., Bernardo, J. C., Sialsa, D. &
Vista, J. A. (March 2011). The
effects of mobile photography to selected young people in Cavite.
Unpublished
undergraduate research paper. Cavite State University, Indang,
Cavite.
Guerrero, G. T.
(2011). Sociolinguistic
factors influencing the use of Hebrew among Jewish-Filipino children.
Unpublished
master's degree thesis proposal. Philippine Normal University –
Manila.
Ngwele, H. (March
2011). Marketing
the Philippines as an educational destination for Ni-Vanuatu
university students. Edited
by G. T. Guerrero. Unpublished undergraduate research paper. Cavite
State University, Indang, Cavite.
